ࡱ> pro NbjbjII 0|++FlLf:{{{PRRRRRR,{"Z~{{{{{~CCCC{PC{PCC4tLY<0,"C"C${{{~~C{{{"{{{{{{{{{ `:   Political Science 239/IR 239 Terry Schley Noto Spring 2016  HYPERLINK "mailto:tnoto@rochester.rr.com" tnoto@rochester.rr.com INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY COURSE OUTLINE AND READINGS: The class will include considerable class discussion as well as lectures. There will be some short assignments and papers, a midterm, a group project focused on a specific case study, a project focused on addressing an emerging environmental issue and the challenge of climate change, and a final exam. Class attendance is expected; grades will reflect attendance and participation. OFFICE HOURS & COMMUNICATION: I will have office hours after class from 3:15-4:00 Mondays and Wednesdays in Harkness Room 308 or by appointment. The best way to contact me is by e-mail ( HYPERLINK "mailto:tnoto@rochester.rr.com" tnoto@rochester.rr.com), but also please feel free to call me at 383-0358. As needed, I will e-mail you, so please check your e-mail. TEXTS: Oliver A. Houck, Taking Back Eden Eight Environmental Cases that Changed the World, Island Press, 2010. Regina S. Axelrod, Stacy D. VanDeveer, eds., The Global Environment Institutions, Laws and Policy (4th Edition, Sage 2015) James Gustave Speth, Red Sky at Morning (Yale University Press, 2005) James Salzman and Barton H. Thompson, Jr., Environmental Law and Policy (3rd Edition, Foundation Press 2010)* David Hunter, James Salzman, Durwood Zaelke, International Environmental Law and Policy (4th Edition, Foundation Press 2011)** *NOTE: Do not buy the most recent 4th edition of this book; it does not have the international environmental law content needed. There are ample (and budget friendly) used copies available. **NOTE: This is an expensive casebook for law students. Several copies will be on reserve in the library. We are also using the 4th Edition to accommodate any students who would like to purchase used editions of this text book. Additional readings will be available on electronic reserve. All readings are required and should be read before class to enhance the value of both the lectures and the discussion. ASSIGNMENTS: Written assignments: Should be typed, double-spaced (1 inch margins and 12 pt font). Page lengths will be noted in this syllabus for each written assignment. Pay careful attention to the directions for each written assignment in the handout for that assignment. Written assignments should be printed out and handed to me in class the day they are due. Late work may be accepted with advance permission. I reserve the discretion to accept late work without advance permission, but points will be deducted from your grade. Note that it is possible that changes may occur in the schedule. If you miss a class, it is your responsibility to find out what the assignment is for the next class period. GRADING: Class attendance, participation & Group projects (powerpoint, discussion) 15%; Papers 25%; Midterm 25%; Final 35%. SCHEDULE OF CLASSES: I. Introduction: What is international environmental law? (Jan. 13-25) Jan. 13 Introduction and discussion We will review the syllabus, expectations for this class, and class structure. We will share our interests in studying international environmental law and policy. We will discuss: What is international environmental law and policy? Why study it? Why is it controversial? Why is it so badly needed? What are some of the global environmental challenges and regional environmental challenges that give rise to international environmental law? What is the role of international environmental law in a changing world? Reading: The Global Environment, pp. 1-10 International Environmental Law and Policy (on reserve in library), Ch. 1 pp. 1-39 Jan. 20 Root causes of global environmental problems, general principles of international environmental law, and states, international organizations, and non-state actors Root causes (e.g., consumption, population, technology, and failures of governance). General principles (including sustainability and economic development), general rules of environmental law as recognized by the International Court of Justice, science and the precautionary principle, etc. International community (states, international organizations, and non-state actors). Reading: The Global Environment, Ch.2 pp. 26-48 International Environmental Law and Policy (on reserve in library), Ch. 2 pp. 40-42, 61-65, 74-77, 86-88 Jan. 25 The Historical Context of International Environmental Law and Institutions & Group Discussion of Sustainable Development Concept: Modest beginnings (fisheries and fur seals), UN and UNEP (catalyzes UNCLOS, etc), 1972 Stockholm Conference to 1992 Rio Earth Summit (the Brundtland Report, the Rio Declaration, the Forest Principles, Agenda 21), Rio to Copehagen. Sources of International Environmental Law and general principles. Class will be divided into groups for group discussion of sustainability during class. Reading: The Global Environment, Ch. 3 pp. 53-78 Handout on Sustainable Development II. The Hole in the Stratospheric Ozone Layer & the Montreal Protocol: Mobilizing an Effective International Response (Feb. 1-8) Jan. 27 The Hole in the Stratospheric Ozone Layer: Overview, the Vienna Convention, the Montreal Protocol and the structure of the Ozone Regime. The precautionary principle, emerging science, shifting public opinion, industry innovation (CFC substitutes), trade measures, aid (the Multilateral Fund), and administration. Role of the U.S. Handout provided in class for group discussion in next class. Reading: Environmental Law & Policy (3rd Edition), Ch. 5 pp. 113-121 Feb. 1 The Success of Global Ozone Policy: Examining the scientific, economic, institutional and political factors that contributed to creation and administration of successful Ozone Regime. Traditional obstacles to effective global policy and how these were overcome by advancing scientific knowledge & discovery, changing economics, public perception and potential health impacts, existence and structure of relevant international institutions, and wise regime design choices. In class group discussion of ozone regime design choices. Reading: The Global Environment, Ch. 4 pp. 83-105 Handout for group discussion Feb. 3 Will the Ozone Layer Recover by 2050-2100?: Addressing challenges including exemptions, compliance, waste, funding and impact of climate change. Track record and procedures for monitoring, assessment, compliance, funding and change. Impact of exemptions, including issue of U.S. agriculture and methyl bromide. Issue of emissions from old equipment and waste. In class group discussion of international challenge of addressing ozone layer depletion versus climate change. Reading: The Global Environment, Ch. 5 pp. 110-127 Keith Bradsher, Push to Fix Ozone Layer and Slow Global Warming New York Times (Mar. 15, 2007) Joanna Foster, The Enduring Effects of Ozone Depletion New York Times Green Blog Post (Feb. 1, 2013) Ozone Layer on Track to Recovery: Success Story Should Encourage Action on Climate UNEP News Centre (Sep. 1, 2014) Brian Handwerk, Whatever Happened to the Ozone Hole? National Geographic News (May 7, 2010) III. Biological Diversity, Endangered Species and Regulating Trade in Wildlife Feb. 8 Biological Diversity & 6th Wave of Extinction: What is biological diversity? Hot spots of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and biophilia. Threats to biodiversity poverty, habitat conversion, overutilization, poaching, invasive species, etc. Tipping points, most threatened families of species, IUCN Red List. Is this a global or regional challenge? Is this a cumulative or systemic problem? The Biodiversity Convention and related conventions (Ramsar, Migratory Species, UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage Convention, and Desertification). In class, group discussion of international biological diversity goals. Reading: International Environmental Law & Policy (on reserve in library), Ch. 15 pp. 981-999 Josh Glancy, E.O. Wilson: King of the Ants Has the Gigantic Task of Saving Us All (The Sunday Times, Nov. 9, 2014), eowilsonfoundation.org/Sunday-times- eo-wilson-king-of-the-ants-has-the-gigantic-task-of-saving-us-all/ Viewing: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 Photo Gallery,  HYPERLINK "http://www.iucnredlist.org/photos/2015" www.iucnredlist.org/photos/2015 . Optional viewing: The Atlantic PHOTO, Animals in the News (May 4, 2011) Short paper (due Feb 15): handout provided in class. Paper will focus on international environmental protection challenge regarding a particular species (e.g., elephants, mahogany, sturgeon, bluefin tuna, sharks) Feb. 10 Genetic diversity, biotechnology, intellectual property, traditional knowledge and use, and agriculture (crop diversity, GMOs, etc): Traditional knowledge, bioprospecting, and balancing conservation, access, equitable sharing of benefits in a sustainable way. Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS), Cartagena Protocol (biosafety), N/S issues, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Reading: The Global Environment, Ch. 12 pp. 283-301 International Environmental Law & Policy (on reserve in library), Ch.15 pp. 1008-1028; 1033-1042 Feb. 15 Carrots and Sticks Regulation of Trade (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)), International Environmental Funding Mechanisms (GEF, ABS, etc), Enforcement issues: How does CITES work? How are species listed? Does it ban trade in all listed species (significance of Appendix I, II, and III)? How does the permitting system work and who implements CITES at the State level (Management & Scientific Authorities)? What is Global Environment Facility and what incentive mechanisms does it provide developing countries? Enforcement issues: tackling demand side and/or poaching? Reading: International Environmental Law & Policy (on reserve in library), Ch. 15, pp. 1068-1072, 1081-1087 Zach Goldhammer, Can You Wage a War on Poaching? The Atlantic Monthly (Aug. 7, 2014) I.S., The endangered species trade: On the Way Out The Economist (Mar. 16, 2013) Caroline Davies, Prince Charles: world must attack demand for illegal wildlife products The Guardian (Feb. 13, 2014) Short Paper Due: Hand in printed copy to me in class. IV. Hazardous Waste, Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste, Toxic Colonialism, and The Basel Convention (Feb. 22-24) Feb. 17 Hazardous Waste, Transboundary Shipment & Disposal, Toxic Colonialism and the Strategy & Structure of the Basel Convention: What is waste? What is hazardous waste? What is toxic colonialism? Design of Basel Convention as a global notice and consent regime, not a ban. How does the Basel Convention work? Why didnt the U.S. ratify and what role is the U.S. playing? Economics, politics and ethics of exporting hazardous waste. Recovery and recycling industry. Economic, political and ethical challenge. Reading: Environmental Law and Policy (3rd Edition), pp. 213-220 The Global Environment, Ch. 11 pp. 259-279 and Ch. 6 pp. 143-144. Feb. 22 25-Years Later: How is Basel Convention Working?: Is Trade-Related Strategy Sufficient and Appropriate? What Should the Goals of International Hazardous Waste Regulation Be? How do N/S State Perspectives Impact this Analysis? What are the concerns re e-waste? Bamako Convention, etc. Liability. Groups will be assigned in class and handout provided for Wednesdays group discussion. Reading: Laura Pratt, Decreasing Dirty Dumping? A Reevaluation of Toxic Waste Colonialism and the Global Management of Transboundary Hazardous Waste, 35 William & Mary Environmental Law & Policy Review 581 (2011) International Environmental Law & Policy (on reserve in library), Ch.14 pp. 959-967. Feb. 24 Group Discussion on International Shipment, Recycling, Disposal and Impacts of e-Waste: Each student will come to class prepared to discuss e-Waste issue and the questions in the handout with his/her group. Each group will report on its answers at the end of class. Issues to be considered will include: Size, source and impacts of e-Waste issue in Asia and Africa, role of NGOs, such as Basel Action Network (BAN), legal implications (Basel Convention, definition of hazardous waste, Basel Ban amendment, and PIC prior informed consent), free trade and recycling, human rights and toxic trespass, and voluntary initiatives: Solving the E-waste Problem (StEP) global initiative. Reading: See handout. YouTube: Ghana Worlds Toxic Dumping Ground (BBC) (Feb 15, 2014) Feb. 29 Review for Midterm Exam Mar. 2 MIDTERM EXAM Mar. 7-9 NO CLASS SPRING BREAK V. Forests: Significance, State of Worlds Forests, Absence of Global Forests Convention & Binding Protocol, EUs FLEGT Action Plan & Climate Change Mar. 14 Importance of Forests, State of the Worlds Forests, Concept of Sustainability, International Forest Principles: Ecosystem services provided by forests. Thorny issues of forest protection, logging, illegal logging, conversion of forests, desertification and climate change. Why isnt there a global forest convention? Assign groups for group project; handout for group project will be provided. Listening: The Rain Forest Was Here: Scientists Say the Amazon is Still Teaching Us New Lessons (NPR Morning Edition: Nov. 12, 2015) Reading: International Environmental Law & Policy (on reserve in library), Ch.16 pp. 1144-1150. Jeff Tietz,The Fate of Trees: How Climate Change May Alter Forests Worldwide (Rolling Stone Magazine, March 12, 2015) Helen MacDonald, Dead Forests and Living Memories (New York Times Magazine, Sept. 17, 2015) Mar. 16 Forest Powerpoint Presentations and Discussion: Each group will present its 15 minute powerpoint on its assigned forest ecosystem and participate in class discussion. Reading: Taking Back Eden and other research for powerpoint presentation. Mar. 21 Forest Powerpoint Presentations and Discussion: Continued group powerpoint presentations and class discussion. Mar. 23 Implementation of EUs Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Action Plan. What is FLEGT? How is sustainable forest management through trade and regulation working in the Absence of a Global Forest Protocol? Video: The Story of FLEGT Reading: The Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) Process in Central and West Africa: from theory to practice (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2014) VI. Climate Change: Mar. 28 Climate Change Challenge: Science, greenhouse gases, timeline, tipping points, feedback loops. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports. Scientific opinion v. public perception of scientific opinion. Sources of greenhouses gases (energy, agriculture, transportation, etc.). Reading: Environmental Law and Policy (3rd Edition), pp. 121-129 Justin Gillis, Short Answers to Hard Questions About Climate Change (The New York Times, Nov. 28, 2015) Charles C. Mann,How to Talk About Climate Change So People Will Listen (The Atlantic Monthly Magazine, Sept. 2014) Eric Holthaus, The Point of No Return: Climate Change Nightmares Are Already Here (Rolling Stone Magazine, Aug. 5, 2015) Joel Achenbach, Why Do Many Reasonable People Doubt Science? (National Geographic Magazine, Mar. 2015) Viewing: Climate Change 101 With Bill Nye the Science Guy (smithsonianmag.com) John Oliver, Climate Change and the existence of Jesus (Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, Feb. 9. 2015) Mar. 30 Globalization and Sustainability: Tension between globalization, capitalism, consumption and sustainability. In class, group discussion of consumption, sustainability, ethics and religion. Reading: James Gustave Speth, Red Sky at Morning (Yale University Press, 2005) Ch. 6-8 (pp. 119-171) Paul Ehrlich, Gretchen Daily, Scott Daily, Norman Myers, James Salzman,No Middle Way on the Environment The Atlantic online (December 1997) Pete Spotts, Why some Americans remain skeptical about climate change The Christian Science Monitor (Dec. 1, 2015) April 4 Conference Efforts Leading up to United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP 21): Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Climate Change; 1992 Climate Change Convention; 1997 Kyoto Protocol and binding targets on developed countries; U.S. failure to ratify Kyoto Protocol; 2009 Conference of the Parties in Copenhagen. Failure of U.S. to pass cap & trade legislation. Final Paper (due April 27): Will provide handout in class for a 4-5 page final paper on climate change. Reading: The Global Environment, Ch. 6 pp. 138-142; Ch. 10 pp. 234-254. Coral Davenport, A Climate Deal, 6 Fateful Years in the Making (New York Times, Dec. 13, 2015) April 6 China, India and the U.S.: Obama Administration 2014 Agreement with China. Obama executive orders and Climate Action Plan. World Bank report Decarbonizing Development. Chinas changing views on climate and current air pollution crisis. Reading: The Global Environment, Ch. 8-9 pp. 187-229 Eduardo Porter, India is Caught in a Climate Change Quandry (New York Times, Nov. 10, 2015) April 11 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP 21): TBA. Reading: TBA April 13 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP 21): TBA. Reading: TBA April 18 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP 21): TBA. Market-enabled, voluntary national targets Reading: TBA April 20 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP 21): TBA. Reading: TBA Henry Gass, Why climate change isnt a winning issue in US politics The Christian Science Monitor (Nov. 30, 2015) April 25 No Class Work on Final Paper. I will be available in my office during office hours and during class to answer any questions. I am also happy to meet with you by appointment as well. April 27 Review for Final Exam Final Paper: Due in class. 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